How is intelligence measured?

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

IQ= MA/CA x 100

The Wechsler Scales- David Wechsler

Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children III (Wisc-III; 6-16)

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-R; 3-8)

Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC)

Assessing infant intelligence

Bayley Scales of Infant Development

Motor scale

Mental scale

Infant behavioral record

Developmental Quotient- how does the infant perform relative to other similarly aged infants.

Not an IQ!

What causes IQ increases or decreases?

Increases occur in children with enriched environments.

Decreases occur in children with impoverished environments.

What does intelligence tend to predict?

1. Scholastic achievement

2. Vocational outcomes

3. Life satisfaction and health?

1922- Terman Studies

Better health.

Better adjusted socially and emotionally.

Leadership positions

What happens to gifted children as adults?

Lower ill health, alcoholism, delinquent behavior than rest of population.

Majority had professional jobs by 40.

Factors that influence IQ

1. Heredity

2. Environment

What is it about a home environment that influences IQ?

1. Arnold Sameroff ‘s 9 risk factors

2. Assessing the character of the home environment.

Bettye Caldwell and Robert Bradley’s HOME inventory

Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment

3. Birth order, family size, and IQ

1st borns score higher than 2^nd borns, etc.

Robert Zajonc’s confluence hypothesis- a child’s intellectual development depends on his/her unique intellectual climate at home.

Additional children ‘dilute’ the environment.