REVIEW SHEET FOR ESC 110 – GEOLOGY EXAM

Introduction to Geology

Concepts: Cuvier and catastrophism Hutton and principle of uniformitarianism Law of superposition Law of original horizontality Law of concealed stratification Principle of cross-cutting relationship Age of the Earth Wegener and Hess Alvarez and impact

Terms: Minerals Rock Ore Fossils William Smith Iridium K/T boundary

Minerals (chap. 1)

Concepts: Atomic structure Physical properties Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron Silicate minerals Non-silicate minerals Composition of the Earth Important Figures: 1.3, 1.7, 1.11 and Table 1.2

Terms: Element Atom Isotope Ion Radioactive decay Streak Luster Mohs hardness scale Review Questions: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12

Rock Cycle (chap. 2 and 3)

Concepts: Rock cycle Crystallization Weathering (physical and chemical) Sedimentation (transport, deposition, & environment) Metamorphism Lithification Igneous texture Mineral composition Bowen’s Reaction Series Sedimentary features and texture Metamorphic agents (heat, pressure and fluids/gases) Types of metamorphism (contact, regional, etc) Astenosphere and Lithosphere Important Figures: 2.2, 2.8, 2.20, and 2.22

Terms: Igneous rocks Magma Lava Pyroclastics Sedimentary rocks Clastic/detrital Chemical/precipitated Organic/biogenic Agents of erosion Cementation Foliated texture Dike and Sill Batholith and laccolith Review Questions (chap 2): 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15

Mass Wasting (chap. 3)

Concepts: Driving forces Resisting forces Angle of repose Triggering factors Subsidence Important Figures: 3.2, 3.20 and 3.25

Terms: Slide and slump Fall Flow Creep Gravity Friction Sinkhole Review Questions: 2, 3, 6, 8, 20, 21, 26 and 27

Earth Interior and Earthquakes (chap. 6)

Concepts: Seismicity Elastic rebound Fault types (dip slip, oblique slip, strike slip & thrust) Seismic waves (surface and body waves) Mercalli’s Intensity Scale Richter’s Magnitude Scale Structural damage Important Figures: 6.3, 6.5, 6.7, 6.9, 6.23, 6.24 and 6.25

Terms: Young mountain belt Rift zone Volcanism Focus Epicenter Rayleigh wave Love wave Primary wave Secondary wave Seismograph Seismogram Liquefaction Review Questions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 14, 16, 19, and 20